About Journal Of Agriculture, Pure and Applied Science and Technology (JAPAST) ISSN 2073-8749

Focus and Scope: The Journal of Agriculture, Pure and Applied Science and Technology (JAPAST), publishes exciting research in all areas of Agriculture, Ethnomedicines, Veterinary Ethnomedicines, Food Science, Pure and Applied Science and Technology. It also provides a perfect forum for rapid review and publication of articles for teaching and research purposes. JAPAST is available full text online at http://www.japast.scriptmania.com

Editorial Team: Prof. Paul Kiprono Chepkwony – Editor-in-Chief (Kenya), Prof. Daudi Lang’at (USA) 3. Dr. Samuel Lutta (Kenya) 4. Dr. Yulita Mitei (Kenya) 5. Dr. Stanley Chepkwony (Kenya) 6. Dr. Samuel Rotich (Kenya) 7.Dr. John Lusweti (Kenya) 8. Dr. Eric Lang'at (UK) 9. Dr. Grace Lagat (University of Kansas, U.S.A)

Publication Frequency: JAPAST will be published monthly

Editors-in-Chief:

(1) Prof. Paul Kiprono Chepkwony, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret 30100 Kenya Email: paul_chepkwony@yahoo.com

(2) Dr. Grace Lagat, Ph.D, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chepkoile University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret. Email: glagatks@yahoo.com

(2) Prof. Daudi Lang’at, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical Center 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Kansas City, KS66160-7400 Tel: 913-588-2734, Fax: 913-588-7180 Email: dlangat@kumc.edu

Author Guidelines: The Journal of Agriculture, Pure and Applied Science and Technology (JAPAST) provides rapid publication of papers on Agriculture, Ethnomedicines, Veterinary Ethnomedicines, Food Science, Pure and Applied Science and Technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published approximately two to three months after acceptance.

Electronic Submission: Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file. Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: paul_chepkwony@yahoo.com or dlangat@kumc.edu. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author within three days. The cover letter should include the corresponding author's full address and telephone/fax numbers and should be in an e-mail message sent to the Editor, with the file, whose name should begin with the first author's surname, as an attachment.

The Journal of Agriculture, Pure and Applied Science and Technology (JAPAST) will accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments. For all other correspondence that cannot be sent by e-mail, please contact the editorial office at: The Editor-in-Chief, JAPAST, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret 30100, Kenya.

Article Type: Three types of manuscripts may be submitted.

Regular articles: These should describe new and carefully researched findings that have arisen from experimental procedures. The articles should be given in sufficient detail for others to verify the research. Authors should submit data that have arisen from animal and human studies in an ethically proper way by following guidelines as set by the World Health Organization. Authors submitting papers are advised to read online WIPO and WHO guidelines on these subjects (http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/consultations/draft_provisions/draft_provisions.html and http:/http://www.who.int/medicines/library/trm/researchdocs.shtml). Papers that violate these principles will not be accepted.

Short Communications: A Short Communication is suitable for recording the results of complete small investigations or giving details of new models or hypotheses, chemical isolation and identification, innovative methods, techniques, clinical trials and epidemiological studies.

Reviews: Submissions of reviews and perspectives covering topics of current interest are welcome and encouraged. Reviews are also peer-reviewed.

Review Process: All manuscripts are reviewed by an editor and members of the Editorial Board or qualified outside reviewers. Decisions will be made as rapidly as possible, and the journal strives to return reviewers’ comments to authors within 2 weeks. It is the goal of the JAPAST to publish papers within 3 months after submission.

Regular articles: All portions of the manuscript must be typed, double-spaced and all pages numbered starting from the title page.

The Title should be as brief as possible describing the contents of the paper. The Title Page should include the authors' full names and affiliations, the name of the corresponding author along with phone, fax and E-mail information. Present addresses of authors should appear as a footnote.

The Abstract which should be included at the beginning of the manuscript should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should not be more than 250 words in length. Complete sentences, active verbs, and the third person should be used, and the abstract should be written in the past tense. Following the abstract, about 3 to 6 key words that will provide indexing references to should be listed.

A list of non-standard Abbreviations should be added. In general, non-standard abbreviations should be used only when the full term is very long and used often. Each abbreviation should be spelled out and introduced in parentheses the first time it is used in the text. Only recommended SI units should be used.

The Introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or solution. It should be understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines.

Materials and methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to be reproduced. However, only truly new procedures should be described in detail; previously published procedures should be cited, and important modifications of published procedures should be mentioned briefly. Capitalize trade names and include the manufacturer's name and address. Subheadings should be used. Methods in general use need not be described in detail.

Results should be presented with clarity and precision. The results should be written in the past tense when describing findings in the authors' experiments. Previously published findings should be written in the present tense. Results should be explained, but largely without referring to the literature. Discussion, speculation and detailed interpretation of data should not be included in the Results but should be put into the Discussion section.

The Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the results obtained in this and in past studies on this topic. State the conclusions in a few sentences at the end of the paper. The Results and Discussion sections can include subheadings, and when appropriate, both sections can be combined.

The Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc should be brief. Tables should be simple and kept to a minimum.

Tables should be typed double-spaced throughout, including headings and footnotes. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading and a legend. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text.

Figure legends should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIF, TIFF, JPEG or Powerpoint before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Tables should be prepared in Microsoft Word. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Fig 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.

References: In the text, a reference identified by means of an author‘s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. When there are more than two authors, only the first author‘s name should be mentioned, followed by ’et al‘. In the event that an author cited has had two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in the text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like ’a‘ and ’b‘ after the date to distinguish the works. Examples: Kiprono (2000), Lutta et al. (2003), (Kipkemboi, 1983), (Mitei, 1992), (Chege, 1998; Midiwo, 1987a,b; Kaberia, 1993,1995), (Imbuga et al., 2001) References should be listed at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Articles in preparation or articles submitted for publication, unpublished observations, personal communications, etc. should not be included in the reference list but should only be mentioned in the article text (e.g., P. Chepkwony, Moi University, personal communication). Journal names are abbreviated according to Chemical Abstracts. Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of the references. 1. Kamanzi Atindehou, K., Koné , M., Terreaux , C. , Traore , D., Hostettmann, K. and Dosso , M. (2002). Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of medicinal plants from the Ivory Coast . Phytother. Res. , 16: 497 – 502. 2. Vinegar, R.; Truax, J.F., Selph, J. L. and Voelker, F. A. (1982). Pathway of onset, development and decay of carrageenan pleurisy in the rat. Fed. Proc. 41: 2588- 2595.

Short Communications: Short Communications are limited to a maximum of two figures and one table. They should present a complete study that is more limited in scope than is found in full-length papers. The items of manuscript preparation listed above apply to Short Communications with the following differences: (1) Abstracts are limited to 150 words and (2) Results and Discussion should be combined into a single section.

Book reviews: Books for review should be sent to the Editors.

Conference announcements and news: These will normally be sent to the Editors.

Proofs and Reprints: Electronic proofs will be sent (e-mail attachment) to the corresponding author as a PDF file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript. With the exception of typographical or minor clerical errors, no changes will be made in the manuscript at the proof stage. Authors will have free electronic access to the full text (in both HTML and PDF) of the article.

Copyright: Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.

Fees and Charges: Original research articles will attract a nominal fee of $75.00USD from May 2009. Articles which have been accepted will not be processed further without this fee.

Notice: No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Plagiarism: Permission from the copyright owner(s) of reproduced tables and illustrations must be obtained and a copy of the permission letter submitted to JAPAST. The source must be clearly acknowledged under the table or the illustration. Copying text, photographs, tables or graphics from any source and using it as ones own is considered plagiarism whether or not a reference to the copied portion is given.

Submission Preparation Checklist (All items required) • MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION CHECK-LIST Please carefully go through the following check list. You must be able to answer ‘Yes’ to all the items listed. Failure to comply with TJPR manuscript formatting requirements will result in the manuscript being returned to you for reformatting or being rejected outright.

[ ] Is my manuscript typed double-spaced, including the ‘Abstract’ and ‘Reference list'?

[ ] Are the Title and ‘Abstract’ each on separate pages?

[ ] Is my manuscript within the limit of 4,000 words (approximately 18 pages typed double-spaced on A4) for research papers or 6,000 words (approximately 24 pages typed double-spaced on A4) for review papers?

[ ] Are Results and Discussion separated into two sections of 'Results' and 'Discussion'?

[ ] Is there a ‘Conclusion’ section?

[ ] Is the reference numbering style within text co-script with square parenthesis (squared brackets) with the numbers inserted before and not after punctuations?

[ ] Did the ‘Reference’ list adhere strictly to TJPR format, including the correct punctuations and italicization of the of the journal titles?

[ ] Is the total number of Figures and Tables within the limit of five allowed. [ ] Has colour (other than black) been excluded from the manuscript including graphs?

[ ] Is there a legend/caption at the bottom of each Figure and at the top of each Table?

[ ] Are the Figures/images sharp and clear with legible fonts?

[ ] Is the symbol key removed from within the Figure and integrated neatly within the legend?

[ ] Have borders been removed from around the Figures?

Privacy Statement: The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Journal Publisher: The Journal of Agriculture, Pure and Applied Science and Technology (JAPAST) is published by Moi University Press